We analysed 97 Enterobacterales and non-fermenting bacterial isolates, largely clinical isolates collected up to 2018. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to infer molecular resistance mechanisms. We evaluated Vitek 2® (bioMérieux, AST N242), Colistin MIC Test Strip (Liofilchem Diagnostici), UMIC (Biocentric), and Rapid Polymyxin™ NP test (ELITechGroup) against the standard broth microdilution (BMD) method. Performance of five phenotypic approaches was compared in the context of different molecular mechanisms of resistance. Phenotypic susceptibility testing is challenging due to poor diffusion of colistin in agar media, leading to an underestimation of resistance. Colistin is used against multi-drug resistant pathogens, yet resistance emerges through dissemination of plasmid-mediated genes ( mcr) or chromosomal mutation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis (i.e.
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